Pensions

Unfunded pension liabilities are the dark cloud on the horizon of state budgets; a cloud totaling trillions of dollars, as SBS reported this year. Though they represent unavoidable fiscal debt, pension liabilities often slip under the radar when states tally up their spending, thanks to their status as "future payments" and accounting games. Aggressive pension reform is urgently needed in almost every state.

A recent group of studies by the GAO and Fed show how dire the situation really is.  Read about them here.

Courts are weighing in on what pension reform is feasible. Check out our monthly pension litigation update here.

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    • HEADLINES: Oregon

      PERS cuts passed by Oregon Senate on party-line vote

      OregonLive.com | by Harry Esteve | April 12, 2013

      A bill that would cut public worker pensions by nearly half a billion dollars over the next two years won narrow approval by the Oregon Senate despite objections that it fails to tame the state's increasingly costly retirement program.

    • HEADLINES: South Carolina

      SC pension fund sues SC treasurer as power struggle explodes

      The State | by Adam Beam | April 12, 2013

      The S.C. Retirement Investment Commission, which manages the state's pension fund for public-sector workers, sued state Treasurer Curtis Loftis on Thursday.

    • HEADLINES: Massachusetts

      Under 50 and grabbing state pensions

      The Boston Herald | by Erin Smith | April 10, 2013

      But state workers hired before pension reforms went into effect last April are grandfathered in to the old rules, including a provision that hands out pension checks to anyone working at least 10 years by age 55.

    • HEADLINES: Washington

      State retirement officials examining late raises that boosted pensions

      The Seattle Times | by Mike Baker | April 10, 2013

      Retirement officials say they are reviewing information on pay raises that helped some government workers increase the values of their pensions, after an Associated Press investigation.

    • HEADLINES

      GASB changes to boost pressure for pension reform, Fitch report says

      Pensions & Investments | by Rob Kozlowski | April 9, 2013

      Impending changes in Governmental Accounting Standards Board standards in 2014 and 2015 should increase public pressure on decision-makers to reform state and local government pension plans, according to a report from Fitch Ratings.

    • HEADLINES: Illinois

      State Treasurer Optimistic About Pension Deal

      WSILTV.com | by Fanna Haile-Selassie | April 8, 2013

      There's about a month and half left in the 2013 Illinois state legislative session and lawmakers have not yet agreed on solution to solve the state's pension crisis. Illinois State Treasurer Dan Rutherford says he's not worried just yet.

    • SOLUTIONS: Kentucky

      Future Shock Solutions

      The Bluegrass Institute | by Lowell Reese | April 8, 2013

      The goal is to enact systemic change and create a climate for long-term solvency for Kentucky's public pensions. This requires changing the very structure of the system while providing the minimum amount of one-time immediate funding to stave off bankruptcy in the state employees’ fund. Steps also must be taken to set in place policies that will enable the commonwealth to avoid such pension crises in the future.

    • HEADLINES: Kentucky

      Beshear signs alcohol, pension bills

      The Lexington Herald Leader | by Beth Musgrave | April 5, 2013

      Gov. Steve Beshear signed House Bill 440, which includes approximately $100 million in new tax revenue that is supposed to go to the ailing pension system. He also signed Senate Bill 2, which includes moving new state employees to a new cash-hybrid 401(k)-type plan and improves oversight of the state pension system.

    • HEADLINES: Oregon

      Oregon Democratic pension cuts plan on fast track

      KATU.com | by Jonathan J. Cooper | April 5, 2013

      A Democratic plan to curb retirement benefits for government workers could reach Oregon Gov. John Kitzhaber's desk by the end of next week.

    • HEADLINES

      Unbalanced: Why State Balanced Budget Requirements Are Not Enough

      State Budget Solutions | by Cory Eucalitto | April 4, 2013

      State balanced budget requirements are far more complex than traditionally understood. Moving beyond these misconceptions is an important step in being able to recognize the many ways that policymakers manipulate state finances to "balance" budgets and put an end to the growth of state debt.


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    • RESEARCH

      Public Sector Pension Reform: Addressing Pressing Fiscal Realities from a Long-Term Perspective

      TIAA-CREF Institute | by Thomas L. Gais and Paul J. Yakoboski | June 17, 2013

      There are persistent fiscal and demographic challenges in most states. The public sector workforce is aging as the baby boom cohort moves towards and into traditional retirement ages. Budgetary pressures at the state and local level make it difficult to increase plan funding and maintain the size of the public sector workforce.

    • RESEARCH: Delaware

      Delaware’s Public Employees’ Retirement System: A Complete and Transparent Accounting

      The Mercatus Center | by Eileen Norcross | March 21, 2013

      To be fully funded, Delaware must increase its annual contribution to the pension system based on a market valuation of plan liabilities. This paper analyzes Delaware’s pension system on a fair-market or government- guaranteed basis, with reference to the average US Treasury rate on 10- and 20-year bonds in June 2012. A discussion of the discrepancy between current government accounting conventions and the fair-market value approach and the implications for plan management follows.

    • RESEARCH

      2013 Report on State Retirement Systems: Funding Levels and Asset Allocation

      Wilshire Consulting | by Julia Bonafede | February 27, 2013

      Wilshire Consulting estimates that the ratio of pension assets-to-liabilities, or funding ratio, for all 134 state pension plans was 73% in 2012, down from an estimated 77% in 2011. This deterioration in funding ratio was fueled by global stock market volatility in the twelve months ending June 30, 2012. Growth in fund assets could not keep up with growth in plan liabilities over fiscal 2012.

    • RESEARCH

      Forecasting the Recovery from the Great Recession: Is This Time Different?

      The National Bureau of Economic Research | by Kathryn Dominguez & Matthew Shapiro | February 4, 2013

      Was the slow recovery of the U.S. economy from the trough of the Great Recession anticipated? 

    • RESEARCH

      On Financing Retirement with an Aging Population

      The National Bureau of Economic Research | by Ellen McGrattan & Edward Prescott | February 4, 2013

      Alternative views on the problem the United States is facing: financing retirement consumption as its population ages.

    • RESEARCH

      Pension Markets in Focus: Pension fund assets hit record USD 20.1 trillion in 2011 but investment performance weakens

      The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development | by André Laboul | September 27, 2012

      Recent years have witnessed intense pension reform efforts in countries around the globe, often involving an increased use of funded pension programmes managed by the private sector. These funded arrangements are likely to play an increasingly important role in delivering retirement income in many countries and privately managed pension assets will play an increasing role in financial markets, notably as a source of long-term savings.

      Published annually since 2005 by the The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development  (OECD) Directorate for Financial and Enterprise Affairs, Pension Markets in Focus provides accurate, comprehensive, comparable and up-to-date statistics to help policy makers, regulators and market participants measure, compare and evaluate programme developments and country experiences globally.

       

       

    • RESEARCH

      The Revenue Demands of Public Employee Pension Promises

      by Robert Novy-Marx and Joshua Rauh | September 16, 2012

      Calculation of the increases in contributions required to achieve full funding of state and local pension
      systems in the U.S. over 30 years. Without policy changes, contributions must increase by a factor of 2.5, reaching 14.1% of the total own-revenue generated by state and local governments.
      This represents a tax increase of $1,385 per household per year.

    • RESEARCH: New York

      Iceberg Ahead

      Empire Center for New York State Policy | by E.J. McMahon | September 5, 2012

      New York taxpayers spend billions of dollars a year on health insurance coverage for retired state and local government employees, many of whom are too young to be eligible for Medicare. But the mounting "pay-as-you-go" bill for retiree healthcare is just the tip of a much larger iceberg. Thanks to a new government accounting standard, the true cost of this long-term entitlement is finally emerging from the depths of state and local finances.

    • RESEARCH

      The Public Pension Crisis

      Boston Univ. School of Law, Public Law Research Paper | by Jack M. Beermann | August 27, 2012

      Unfunded employee pension obligations will present a serious fiscal problem to state and local governments in the not too distant future. This article takes a looks at the causes and potential cures for the public pension mess, mainly through the lens of legal doctrines that limit public employers' ability to avoid obligations.

    • RESEARCH

      Retirement Plan Reform and Intergenerational Equity

      National Conference of State Legislatures | by Girard Miller | August 27, 2012

      Girard Miller's presentation at the National Conference of State Legislators in Chicago August 2012.


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    • SOLUTIONS: Kentucky

      Future Shock Solutions

      The Bluegrass Institute | by Lowell Reese | April 8, 2013

      The goal is to enact systemic change and create a climate for long-term solvency for Kentucky's public pensions. This requires changing the very structure of the system while providing the minimum amount of one-time immediate funding to stave off bankruptcy in the state employees’ fund. Steps also must be taken to set in place policies that will enable the commonwealth to avoid such pension crises in the future.

    • SOLUTIONS

      Why government employee collective bargaining laws must be reformed now

      State Budget Solutions | by Bob Williams | December 5, 2012

      There are three important lessons from the Wisconsin collective bargaining battles over the past eighteen months:

      1. The power of the government-sector unions and their impact on elections is greatly overestimated. With the November 2012 victory for  Senate Republicans to regain control of the Wisconsin Senate,  government employee union  suffered their sixth  major defeat since March 2011.

      2. When given a choice, government employees will quit their union in large numbers.

      3. Government employees' salaries and benefits, particularly pensions, are financially unsustainable in most states and collective bargaining reform is needed.

    • SOLUTIONS

      How to Prevent Future Pension Crises

      by Cory Eucalitto | November 1, 2012

      The time for state and local governments to offer defined contribution retirement plans that protect both taxpayer dollars and public employee retirement security is now.

    • SOLUTIONS: California

      Reform Before Revenue: How to Fix California's Retiree Health-Care Problem

      The Manhattan Institute | by Stephen D. Eide | October 31, 2012

      This paper examines the ongoing fiscal crisis caused by health-care plans for retirees (known as "other post-employment benefits," or OPEB) in one of the hardest-hit states, California, and outlines necessary reforms that should come before tax increases or cuts to government services.

    • SOLUTIONS: California

      Rising Pension Costs Threaten Cities’ Ability to Provide Services

      Hoover Institution of Stanford University | by Chuck Reed | October 16, 2012

      In June 2012, nearly 70% of San Jose voters approved "Measure B" - a set of pension reforms that the City Council placed on the ballot after more than 8 months of negotiations with our employee unions.

    • SOLUTIONS: North Carolina

      Reforms Needed for North Carolina's Ailing Pension System

      Civitas Institute | by Brian Balfour | September 12, 2012

      In numerous measurable ways, North Carolina's pension benefits are more generous than those offered in the private sector and most other states. Financial and demographic trends point toward rapidly increasing obligations in the near- and long-term future. Sensible reforms that bring North Carolina's pension benefits more on par with those of other states and the private sector are needed to avoid a massive taxpayer bailout of the pension fund.

    • SOLUTIONS

      Solutions to the public pension crisis

      State Budget Solutions | by Bob Williams | August 1, 2012

      Public pensions at the state and municipal levels are unsustainable in their current form.  State Budget Solutions' recent study by Andrew Biggs found that public pensions are underfunded by $4.6 trilion. Here we offer solutions to the pension crisis

    • SOLUTIONS: Maine

      Unfunded Government Employee Pension Liabilities Reform

      The State of Maine | December 7, 2011

      Proposal for reforming Maine's pension plans, including freezing pensions for three years (2011 - 2013), identical to the state employee salary freeze, and ensuring reasonable increases in pensions after that, close to the historical norm of 2.8% annually, based on CPI (inflation), but capped at 2% (currently capped at 4%).

    • SOLUTIONS

      Creating a New Public Pension System

      The Laura and John Arnold Foundation | by Josh B. McGee, Ph.D. | December 5, 2011

      Sound pension reform meets four general criteria: (1) establish transparency with respect to the true cost of the benefits promised to public employees; (2) mandate that the pension plan sponsor pay the full cost of accrued benefits each year; (3) mandate that the pension plan sponsor pay down the unfunded accrued liability over a reasonable time horizon and (4) improve the generational equity, portability and security of benefits for public employees.

    • SOLUTIONS: Virginia

      Pension Plan Reform in Virginia

      The Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy | by Robert C. Carlson | December 2, 2011

      Paper suggesting Virginia move toward a combined retirement program that includes partially a defined benefits program and added to this should be a defined contributions program. Such a balanced system would make the Commonwealth’s costs lower and more predictable while providing attractive benefits to employees.


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